Copy-Edit 3 Protocol in 101sec

Comparison of SPI, I2C, and UART Protocols

Feature	SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)	I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit)	UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter)
Communication Type	Full Duplex (data can be transmitted and received simultaneously)	Half Duplex (data is transmitted in one direction at a time)	Asynchronous (no clock signal, data transmitted one byte at a time)
Speed	Very fast, up to several Mbps (e.g., 10+ Mbps)	Moderate, typically up to 400 Kbps (but can go up to 3.4 Mbps in fast mode)	Relatively slow, typically up to 1 Mbps
Number of Wires	4 wires: MOSI, MISO, SCLK, SS (Chip Select)	2 wires: SDA (Data) and SCL (Clock)	2 wires: TX (Transmit) and RX (Receive)
Data Addressing	No addressing; uses Chip Select (CS) to choose slave devices	Addressing used; devices are identified by unique addresses	No addressing; direct communication between two devices
Master-Slave	Supports multi-master and multi-slave configurations	Supports multi-master and multi-slave configurations, but more common with one master and multiple slaves	One-to-one communication (one transmitter, one receiver)
Error Checking	No built-in error checking; may rely on software	Includes ACK/NACK for error checking	Parity bit can be used for error checking
Example Usage	- High-speed communication between microcontrollers and sensors - SD cards, TFT displays - Example: Connecting a temperature sensor to a microcontroller	- Low-speed communication between a master (e.g., microcontroller) and multiple peripherals - EEPROM, RTC modules - Example: Connecting a real-time clock (RTC) module to a microcontroller	- Serial communication between a computer and a microcontroller - GPS modules, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi modules - Example: UART-based communication between a GPS module and a microcontroller

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Key Points in the Table

• SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface): Full-duplex, fast communication for short distances, no addressing.
• I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit): Half-duplex, moderate speed, supports addressing for multiple devices.
• UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter): Asynchronous, often slower, used for communication between devices like computers and microcontrollers.

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